Evaluation of the cytotoxic and immunogenic potential of temozolamide, panobinostat, and Lophophora williamsii extract against C6 glioma cells

Authors

  • Moises Armides Franco-Molina Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México. Tel.: +52-812-141-15, extension: 6428; E-mail: moyfranco@gmail.com, moises.francoml@uanl.edu.mx https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-6637
  • Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-7691
  • Luis Mario Madrigal-de-León Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-7301
  • Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Cumbres, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Las Palmas, 5500, Colonia Cima de las Cumbres, Monterrey, Nuevo León, C.P. 64610, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-0080
  • Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-8948
  • Sara Paola Hernández-Martínez Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-9012
  • Paola Leonor García-Coronado Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3705-9757
  • Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 “F”, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-8449

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-3181

Keywords:

Lophophora williamsii, temozolamide, panobinostat, glioblastoma, immunogenic cell death, DAMPs

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant neoplasm of the brain with poor prognosis. The first-line drug against glioblastoma is the alkylating agent temozolamide (TMZ); unfortunately, treatment resistance and tumor re-incidence are common. In some cases, immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers can decrease treatment resistance and tumor recurrence by stimulating an antitumor specific immune response. Not all ICD inducers, however, are suitable for glioma patients because of the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Panobinostat (PAN), a histone deacetylase inhibitor and Lophophora williamsii (LW) extract can pass through the BBB and have antitumor properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of TMZ, PAN and LW extract against the glioma C6 cell line, and its role in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which is a hallmark of ICD. Our results indicate that all treatments induce cellular death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and that PAN and LW extract induce apoptosis, whereas TMZ induces apoptosis and necrosis. Also, that some of the treatments and their sequential administration induce the release of DAMPs. Furthermore, in a rat glioma model, we observed that all treatments decreased tumor volume, but the in vivo cell death mechanism was not ICD. Our findings indicate that TMZ, PAN, and LW combination have a cytotoxic effect against glioma cells but do not induce ICD.

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Published

2021-03-09

How to Cite

Franco-Molina, M. A., Santana-Krímskaya , S. E. ., Madrigal-de-León, L. M., Coronado-Cerda , E. E. ., Zárate-Triviño , D. G. ., Hernández-Martínez , S. P., … Rodríguez-Padilla , C. . (2021). Evaluation of the cytotoxic and immunogenic potential of temozolamide, panobinostat, and Lophophora williamsii extract against C6 glioma cells. EXCLI Journal, 20, 614–624. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-3181

Issue

Vol. 20 (2021)

Section

Original articles

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Copyright (c) 2021 Moises Armides Franco-Molina, Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya , Luis Mario Madrigal-de-León, Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda , Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño , Sara Paola Hernández-Martínez , Paola Leonor García-Coronado , Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla

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