Metabolic priming alters the morphology and metabolism of human dermal fibroblasts

Authors

  • Sónia A. Pinho CNC – UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-5197
  • Cristina Barosa CNC – UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7819-2434
  • Cláudia M. Deus CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; MIA-Portugal, Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-9182
  • John G. Jones CNC – UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3745-3885
  • Paulo J. Oliveira CNC – UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, Lot 8A, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal. Phone: +351-231-249-195, fax: +351-231-249-179; E-mail: pauloliv@cnc.uc.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-9948
  • Teresa Cunha-Oliveira CNC – UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-0339

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2025-8609

Keywords:

Mitochondria, metabolic priming, bioenergetics, NHDF cells, cell size, ROS-driven adaptation

Abstract

The metabolic environment provided by the culture medium plays a critical role in shaping cellular function and mitochondrial activity in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effects of metabolic priming on the metabolism and morphology of Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDFs) by manipulating glucose availability in the culture medium. Our strategy involved transitioning NHDFs from traditional high-glucose medium (HGm) to either a medium with physiological glucose levels (LGm) or a glucose-free, galactose-containing medium (OXm). Prior to cellular characterization, we confirmed the absence of glucose in the culture media and fetal bovine serum using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Given previous observations of elevated reactive species under glucose-free conditions, we explored the cellular adaptations associated with a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Cells cultured in OXm exhibited increased metabolic activity, elevated protein content, and substantial metabolic remodeling. Morphological analysis revealed enlargement of the cell body, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei, indicative of extensive structural adaptation. Notably, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) nearly doubled within 24 h of exposure to OXm, reflecting a rapid mitochondrial response to metabolic stress. The presence of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) attenuated this increase, suggesting that redox signaling plays a key role in mitochondrial bioenergetic adaptation. These findings underscore the complex interplay between metabolic context, oxidative stress, and cellular morphology, and highlight the importance of appropriate normalization strategies in metabolic studies.

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Published

2025-10-22

How to Cite

Pinho, S. A., Barosa, C., Deus, C. M., Jones, J. G., Oliveira, P. J., & Cunha-Oliveira, T. (2025). Metabolic priming alters the morphology and metabolism of human dermal fibroblasts. EXCLI Journal, 24, 1419–1437. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2025-8609

Issue

Vol. 24 (2025)

Section

Original articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Sónia A. Pinho, Cristina Barosa, Cláudia M. Deus, John G. Jones, Paulo J. Oliveira, Teresa Cunha-Oliveira

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